Pseudoephedrine weight loss dosage
Escalating concerns regarding the safety of ephedra supplements led the FDA to ban the sale of supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids (specifically ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, and methylephedrine) in the United States in 2004. Bottle of ephedrine, an alkaloid found in ephedra. Ephedrine may be quantified in blood, plasma, or urine to monitor possible abuse by athletes, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning, or assist in a medicolegal death investigation. The second-most popular method uses red phosphorus, iodine, and ephedrine in the reaction. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a muscle, vein, or just under the skin. Many commercial immunoassay screening tests directed at the amphetamines cross-react appreciably with ephedrine, but chromatographic techniques can easily distinguish ephedrine from other phenethylamine derivatives. Onset with intravenous use is fast, while injection into a muscle can take 20 minutes, and by mouth can take an hour for effect. C01CA26 ( WHO ) R01AA03 ( WHO ), R01AB05 ( WHO ) (combinations), R03CA02 ( WHO ), S01FB02 ( WHO ), QG04BX90 ( WHO ). This article is about the use of the plant species containing ephedrine in supplements in the United States. Metabolife, makers of the best-selling brand of ephedra supplement, had received over 14,000 complaints of adverse events associated with its product. This ban was challenged by supplement manufacturers and initially overturned, but ultimately upheld. Through oxidation, ephedrine can be easily synthesized into methcathinone. A wide variety of alkaloid and non-alkaloid compounds have been identified in various species of ephedra. Ephedra has been used as a weight-loss aid, sometimes in combination with aspirin and caffeine.
66 ( circa 1940). The most popular method for reducing ephedrine to methamphetamine is similar to the Birch reduction, in that it uses anhydrous ammonia and lithium metal in the reaction. Their thermogenic properties cause an increase in metabolism, as evidenced by an increase in body heat. Methylxanthines such as caffeine and theophylline have a synergistic effect with ephedrine with respect to weight loss. Common side effects include trouble sleeping, anxiety, headache, hallucinations, high blood pressure, fast heart rate, loss of appetite, and inability to urinate. Adverse effects of ephedra consumption may include severe skin reactions, irritability, nervousness, dizziness, trembling, headache, insomnia, profuse perspiration, dehydration, itchy scalp and skin, vomiting, and hyperthermia. This study found that ephedra promoted modest short-term weight loss, but there was insufficient data to determine whether it was effective for long-term weight loss or performance enhancement. Ephedrine Sulphate (1932), Ephedrine Compound (1932), and Swan-Myers Ephedrine Inhalant No. Dietary supplements that contain ephedrine are illegal in the United States. Mormon tea ( Ephedra funerea ) growing in the wild in the Fiery Furnace area of Arches National Park near Moab, Utah. Steve Bechler, a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles, died of complications from heatstroke following a spring training workout on February 17, 2003. Bupropion is an example of an antidepressant with an amphetamine-like structure similar to ephedrine, and it is an NDRI. Ephedrine should not be used in conjunction with certain antidepressants, namely norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), as this increases the risk of symptoms due to excessive serum levels of norepinephrine.
